The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The first diagram illustrates the production of cement and the necessary instruments needed in the process, while the second one demonstrates how concrete used in construction can be made by using cement.
Overall, the manufacture of cement is a linear process consisting of five main stages and various tools. Producing concrete, on the other hand, only requires mixing different ingredients including cement in a concrete mixer.
Looking at the production of cement, the first stage starts when limestone and clay are crushed together into powder after being poured into a roll crusher. The resulting powder then goes through a mixer, before being transferred through a tube into a constantly rotating cylindrical heater. Subsequently, the heated mixture is transported on a conveyor belt into a grinder, where it is ground once more into cement. Finally, the cement is packaged into bags, ready to be transported to building sites where concrete is needed.
Cement is the only artificial ingredient in the production of concrete, accounting for 15% of the mixture needed to make it. The other components in said mixture include water (10%), sand (25%) and gravel (50%). All of these materials are poured into a concrete mixer which rotates to combine them until concrete is obtained.
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