Design of a modern landfill for household waste:
The diagram illustrates the design and operation of a modern landfill for domestic wastedisposal.
Overall, the process involves four stages, beginning with the excavation and construction of the landfill and concluding with its closure after waste deposition.
Initially, a rectangular man-made cavity is excavated into the ground until it reaches the underneath layer of natural rock. This cavity is then lined with a synthetic material and clay, forming a barrier to ensure effective waste containment. At the base, a drainage system comprising of multiple pipes and a tank is installed to facilitate the waste processing phase by managing the liquid waste produced as waste decomposes.
Following construction, the landfill is utilized for household waste disposal. Overtime, liquid by-products accumulates at the bottom and are handled by the drainage system. In the final stage, once the landfill reaches capacity, it is sealed with a thick layer of clay. Gas venting pipes are installed to safely release gases produced during the decomposition of waste materials.
(165 words)
Vocabulary:
landfill: bãi chôn lấp
domestic waste: chất thải sinh hoạt
disposal: xử lý
process: quy trình
excavation: khai thác
construction: xây dựng
cavity: khoảng trống
synthetic material: vật liệu tổng hợp
barrier: rào cản
containment: chứa đựng
drainage system: hệ thống thoát nước
facilitate: tạo điều kiện
liquid waste: chất thải lỏng
decomposes: phân hủy
by-products: sản phẩm phụ
capacity: dung tích
sealed: được niêm phong
gas venting pipes: ống thông khí
release: phát thải
decomposition: phân hủy
