Đề bài và chữa đề IELTS Reading - Flying the Coast. Hướng dẫn giải đề và chữa đề IELTS Reading Flying the Coast. Đây là passage 1 trong đề thi thật IELTS Reading ngày 26/5/2024.
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Flying the Coast
The development of an air service on the west coast of New Zealand’s South Island
Cut off from the rest of the country by a range of mountains, the west coast of New Zealand’s South Island – or the “Coast” as it is commonly known – was the country’s “wild west frontier”. But unlike Fiordland to the south, which was and still is an uninhabitable wilderness, the Coast in the 1930s was not only habitable, it was also potentially rich.
Settlers hunted and fished, logged, milled and mined. They farmed where they managed to clear the forest and drain the swamps. It was pure survival at times. The isolation was inescapable, not so much because of the great distances that travellers had to cover, but rather due to the topography of the place – the mountains, gorges, glaciers, rivers and headlands – which necessitated long detours and careful timing with regard to weather and tides. Bridges were few and far between in the early years, and even ferry crossings were often impossible after heavy rains. Each river had its attendant ferryman or woman whose attention a traveller would attract with a rifle shot. It was the kind of country where one would greatly benefit from a pair of wings.
Maurice Buckley, a World War I pilot, was the first to give Coasters, as the residents of the region were called, such wings, by establishing the Arrow Aviation Company in 1923. That year he bought an Avro biplane on the east coast, which he transported across the country by rail, wings off, before reassembling it in a local garage. When he opened for business the following year, the colourful Avro was an instant crowd-pleaser and Coasters queued up for joyrides. For the first major flight, Buckley invited Dr Teichelmann, a local mountaineer, to join him. They flew over the Franz Josef Glacier and landed at Okarito. Afterwards, Teichelmann wrote about how extraordinary it was to look at the world from the air, ” like taking the roof off the house and watching the performances from above.
Next came an aviator named Bert Mercer, who made a reconnaissance flight to the Coast in August 1933 and started Air Travel (NZ) the following year, Mercers aircraft of choice was a DH83 Fox Moth. By comparison with the regular open-air aircraft of the day, the Fox Moth was a plane that offered considerable luxury, housing four passengers in an enclosed forward area fully protected from the weather. Mercer opened for business in December 1934, picking up the airlines first passengers and, on the last day of that year, commenced a regular delivery of mail, carrying 73kg of letters to Haast and Okuru. From that day on, the Fox Moth became a much-anticipated sight on the coast.
Mercer got on with everyone and won their respect by anticipating, then meeting their needs. One of those was setting up the first aerial shipping route to help transport a kind of small fish known as whitebait. Starting in 1935 Mercer would put the plane down where there was no airstrip, instead using remote beaches such as the one at the mouth of the Paring River, collect the whitebait and whisk them off to the night train and waiting city markets in perfectly fresh condition, Mercer relied on his senses -what he could see and hear – to navigate, flying around the weather and contours of the land. Although often warned to do so by aviation authorities, he refused to develop the skills necessary to navigate the plane “blind, using just its instruments on the console in front of him. The old habits were too hard to change.
With the outbreak of World war II, mercer’s aircraft were considered so essential to the remote Coast that they were not militarised. In fact, the business continued to grow in the early years, thanks in large part to a government issued subsidy, which allowed him to expand into neighbouring areas. Despite the war in far-off lands, life on the Coast was business as usual. The settlers were always in need of mail and transportation. In time, though, this presented Mercer with a pressing issue: with so many now joining the Air Force, he no longer had enough pilots. In 1942 he wrote in his diary, I am back to where I started eight years ago- on my own.
The only solution to keep the airline going was to pack as much into every plane as possible and make every flight count. But some of mercer’s newly formed team objected to the amount of cargo they had to carry, which for a small rural airline was a fact of life. One man, Norm Suttle, left the airline after a few months in protest about carrying more than was appropriate for the aircraft. This marked another decline in the airline’s fortunes, When Bert Mercer died in 1944, the airline was taken over by Fred Lucas, a man who shared mercer’s pioneering spirit. Under Lucas s leadership the newly formed West Coast Airways saw Another decade of profitable returns. But in the following decade, times changed fast. Helicopters were soon found to be ideal machines for the Coast terrain, and quickly took over the vast majority of the local air transport business.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 In the 1930s, the Coast and Fiordland had populations of a similar size.
2 Most settlers on the Coast were migrants from overseas
3 The coast’s geographical features made moving around the region difficult
4 The first bridges to be built on the Coast were swept away by floods
5 Maurice Buckley flew his Avro biplane to the Coast in 1923
6 Coasters were unwilling to fly at first
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.
Bert Mercer and aviation on the Coast Early Years • Mercer set up Air Travel (NZ) in 1934 • The Fox Moth was noted for its 7……. compared to other planes • in 1934 mercer’s company started to transport 8………….. and passengers • from 1935 planes landed on 9……………to pick up fresh produce World War lI • the airline expanded at first because it got a 10………… • there was a shortage of 11.……….from the state by 1942. Final Years • there were disputes at the airline about the quantity of 12……….in each plane • 1950s: 13………became popular and the airline suffered |
✅ Câu 1. In the 1930s, the Coast and Fiordland had populations of a similar size.
(Dịch: Vào những năm 1930, Coast và Fiordland có quy mô dân số tương đương.)
???? Đoạn đầu tiên:
“...the west coast of New Zealand’s South Island – or the 'Coast'... was the country’s 'wild west frontier'. But unlike Fiordland to the south, which was and still is an uninhabitable wilderness, the Coast in the 1930s was not only habitable, it was also potentially rich.”
???? Phân tích:
– Fiordland được mô tả là “uninhabitable wilderness” = hoang dã không thể sinh sống.
– Coast thì “habitable” (có thể sinh sống) và còn khá giàu tiềm năng → như vậy không thể có dân số tương đương được.
Đáp án: FALSE
✅ Câu 2. Most settlers on the Coast were migrants from overseas.
(Dịch: Phần lớn những người định cư ở Coast là dân di cư từ nước ngoài.)
???? Phân tích:
→ Cả đoạn nào trong bài không nhắc đến nguồn gốc dân cư (nội địa hay nước ngoài).
Đáp án: NOT GIVEN
✅ Câu 3. The coast’s geographical features made moving around the region difficult.
(Dịch: Đặc điểm địa lý của vùng Coast khiến việc di chuyển gặp nhiều khó khăn.)
???? Đoạn đầu:
“The isolation was inescapable, not so much because of the great distances that travellers had to cover, but rather due to the topography of the place – the mountains, gorges, glaciers, rivers and headlands – which necessitated long detours and careful timing with regard to weather and tides.”
???? Phân tích:
– Từ khóa: geographical features = topography
– Di chuyển khó khăn là do địa hình → chính xác với nội dung bài.
Đáp án: TRUE
✅ Câu 4. The first bridges to be built on the Coast were swept away by floods.
(Dịch: Những cây cầu đầu tiên được xây ở Coast đã bị lũ cuốn trôi.)
???? Phân tích:
– Bài chỉ nói:
“Bridges were few and far between in the early years, and even ferry crossings were often impossible after heavy rains.”
→ Không hề nói cầu bị lũ cuốn trôi, chỉ nói ít cầu và phà khó đi sau mưa lớn.
Đáp án: NOT GIVEN
✅ Câu 5. Maurice Buckley flew his Avro biplane to the Coast in 1923.
(Dịch: Maurice Buckley đã lái máy bay Avro của ông đến vùng Coast vào năm 1923.)
???? Đoạn về Buckley:
“That year he bought an Avro biplane on the east coast, which he transported across the country by rail, wings off, before reassembling it in a local garage.”
???? Phân tích:
– Ông không bay máy bay đến Coast, mà chở bằng tàu hỏa rồi lắp ráp lại.
– Do đó, câu hỏi sai về hành động “flew” → trái ngược với bài.
Đáp án: FALSE
✅ Câu 6. Coasters were unwilling to fly at first.
(Dịch: Cư dân vùng Coast ban đầu không muốn đi máy bay.)
???? Vẫn đoạn về Buckley:
“The colourful Avro was an instant crowd-pleaser and Coasters queued up for joyrides.”
???? Phân tích:
– Trái ngược với “unwilling”, cư dân xếp hàng để được đi → chứng tỏ rất hào hứng với việc bay.
Đáp án: FALSE
✅ 7. The Fox Moth was noted for its ………. compared to other planes
???? Từ loại cần điền: danh từ
???? Dẫn chứng – đoạn 3:
“...the Fox Moth was a plane that offered considerable luxury, housing four passengers in an enclosed forward area fully protected from the weather.”
???? Phân tích:
– “noted for” = “offered considerable…”
– Từ đồng nghĩa: luxury (sự tiện nghi, sang trọng) là điểm khác biệt so với các máy bay khác thời đó
Đáp án 7: luxury
✅ 8. in 1934 mercer’s company started to transport ………. and passengers
???? Từ loại cần điền: danh từ (loại hàng hóa, vật mang theo)
???? Dẫn chứng – đoạn 3:
“...on the last day of that year, commenced a regular delivery of mail, carrying 73kg of letters...”
???? Phân tích:
– Câu hỏi nói đến năm 1934 → đúng thời điểm Mercer bắt đầu vận chuyển thư từ (mail)
– “mail and passengers” = paraphrase hoàn toàn câu hỏi
Đáp án 8: mail
✅ 9. from 1935 planes landed on ………. to pick up fresh produce
???? Từ loại cần điền: danh từ số ít/số nhiều chỉ địa hình hoặc nơi hạ cánh
???? Dẫn chứng – đoạn 4:
“...using remote beaches such as the one at the mouth of the Paringa River, collect the whitebait…”
???? Phân tích:
– Mercer cho máy bay hạ cánh không cần đường băng, thay vào đó là các beaches (bãi biển)
– "fresh produce" ở đây là whitebait → đúng thông tin
Đáp án 9: beaches
✅ 10. the airline expanded at first because it got a ……….
???? Từ loại cần điền: danh từ chỉ hỗ trợ tài chính
???? Dẫn chứng – đoạn 5:
“...thanks in large part to a government-issued subsidy, which allowed him to expand into neighbouring areas.”
???? Phân tích:
– “got a subsidy” = được trợ cấp → đúng với việc mở rộng quy mô hãng
Đáp án 10: subsidy
✅ 11. there was a shortage of ………. from the state by 1942
???? Từ loại cần điền: danh từ chỉ người được tuyển dụng từ nhà nước
???? Dẫn chứng – đoạn 5:
“...with so many now joining the Air Force, he no longer had enough pilots.”
???? Phân tích:
– Năm 1942, Mercer thiếu pilots do nhiều người gia nhập quân đội → đúng câu hỏi
Đáp án 11: pilots
✅ 12. there were disputes at the airline about the quantity of ………. in each plane
???? Từ loại cần điền: danh từ chỉ thứ được chở trong máy bay
???? Dẫn chứng – đoạn 6:
“...objected to the amount of cargo they had to carry, which for a small rural airline was a fact of life.”
???? Phân tích:
– Một nhân viên bỏ việc vì không đồng ý lượng cargo quá nhiều → đúng ngữ cảnh câu hỏi
Đáp án 12: cargo
✅ 13. 1950s: ………. became popular and the airline suffered
???? Từ loại cần điền: danh từ chỉ phương tiện thay thế máy bay
???? Dẫn chứng – cuối đoạn 6:
“Helicopters were soon found to be ideal machines for the Coast terrain, and quickly took over the vast majority of the local air transport business.”
???? Phân tích:
– Sự phổ biến của helicopters khiến hãng hàng không mất thị phần → airline suffered
Đáp án 13: helicopters
